Which word captures the essence of a basic and traditional culture that has existed since ancient times?

The term "Aboriginal" is the most suitable choice for capturing the essence of a basic and traditional culture that has been present since ancient times. This word specifically refers to the earliest known inhabitants of a region and emphasizes a deep connection to the land, traditions, practices, and beliefs that have been maintained through generations.

Aboriginal cultures often reflect holistic ways of life, customs, and values that are closely tied to their historical narratives and environments. This recognition of their long-standing presence highlights the importance of these cultures in the context of sustainability and continuity.

The other terms, while related to cultural contexts, do not convey the same specific historical and cultural significance. "Primitive" may carry connotations that are not respectful or appreciative of the complexities of such cultures. "Original" may imply a sense of uniqueness or firstness but lacks the acknowledgment of the living traditions and practices. "Historic" is more general and does not necessarily denote the depth of traditional and ongoing practices that "Aboriginal" encapsulates.