Which term is associated with a negative view of humanity, often in the context of misanthropy?

The term that is closely associated with a negative view of humanity is pessimism. Pessimism often implies a belief that human actions and nature are fundamentally flawed or harmful. This perspective is aligned with misanthropy, which generally involves a dislike or distrust of the human species. Individuals who hold a pessimistic viewpoint may focus on the failures and shortcomings of humanity, reinforcing a negative outlook towards human behavior and society.

In contrast, optimism denotes a positive outlook on human nature and outcomes. Humanism emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, typically advocating for a positive view of humanity and prioritizing human welfare. Idealism often refers to a belief in or pursuit of noble ideals, which can also paint a more positive picture of human capabilities and intentions. Thus, those terms do not align with the concept of misanthropy the way pessimism does.