What is the term for a person who has exceptional talents or powers?

The term "prodigy" refers to a person, often a young individual, who possesses exceptional talents or abilities, particularly in fields such as music, mathematics, or athletics. Prodigies are distinguished by their extraordinary skills that are significantly ahead of their peers, showcasing remarkable capability and achievement at an early age. This characterization aligns well with the context of the question, which is focused on identifying a person with exceptional talents or powers.

The other terms do not fit this definition. "Profound" typically refers to a deep understanding or intensity of feeling, rather than a person's talent. "Pretext" denotes a reason given for something that is not the real reason, and "profligate" refers to someone who is recklessly extravagant or wasteful in the use of resources. Therefore, "prodigy" is the most accurate word to describe an individual with exceptional innate abilities or talents.