What does the term xenophobia refer to?

Xenophobia specifically refers to an irrational fear or aversion to that which is perceived as foreign or strange, particularly in the context of people from different cultures or countries. The term combines the Greek words "xenos," meaning foreigner, and "phobos," meaning fear. Individuals exhibiting xenophobic attitudes often show prejudice, discrimination, or hostility towards individuals who are different from themselves, especially in terms of nationality, ethnicity, or culture.

The other options provided do not align with this definition. Excessive passion towards an idea refers to a different emotional or psychological response, while the ability to adapt to new situations and rapid changes in behavior do not encapsulate the fear or aversion central to xenophobia. Recognizing this definition is important for understanding the social dynamics and implications of xenophobic attitudes in various contexts.