What does retribution refer to?

Retribution primarily denotes the concept of punishment, often in response to wrongdoing. It emphasizes the idea that offenders should receive consequences that are proportional to their actions, incorporating the moral notion that justice is served when a wrongdoer faces penalties for their misdeeds. This understanding aligns well with the notion of punishment or reward, establishing a clear link between criminal behavior and the requisite penalties deemed appropriate in the eyes of society.

In contrast to the other concepts, retribution specifically centers on the idea of punitive measures rather than general justice systems, problem-solving strategies, or mere reactions to situations. While the other options touch on aspects of justice or responses, they do not capture the essence of retribution as clearly as the link between wrongdoing and punishment.